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1. Uric acid (metabolic byproduct) (Directory/Root) A metabolic waste product resulting from the break down of nitrogen-rich compounds, and particularly purines (found abundantly in protein-rich foods). Accumulation of uric acid in the blood (known as ... 2. Angiogenesis (physiological process) (Directory/Root) One process by which new vascular tissue (i.e., blood vessels) grows and develops either from existing vasculature or during foetal development. Angiogenesis is essential for supporting the growth of ... 3. Net Carbohydrate (caloric measure) (Directory/Root) Also known as net carb, glycemic carbohydrate, usable carbohydrate. The amount of digestible carbohydrate present in a food or meal. Net carbohydrate is a measure of the amount of calories ... 4. Commensal microorganism (resident microorganism) (Directory/Root) A microorganism such as a bacteria or yeast that resides in the body but that doesn’t cause harm or negatively impact health. Sometimes, commensal microorganisms are innocuous only if present in certain ... 5. Enteric hormone (gastrointestinal hormone) (Directory/Root) A class of hormones produced and secreted by cells in the gastrointestinal tract. See also Incretin. ... 6. Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1; metabolic hormone) (Directory/Root) A hormone that is released by the small intestine and that helps to regulate appetite by stimulating insulin secretion and increasing sensitivity to insulin in cells throughout the body. ... 7. Acemannan (type of fibre) (Directory/Root) A type of mannan fibre that is particularly abundant in Aloe spp. gel. Acemannan has immunostimulating properties and it plays a big role in the healing properties of aloe plants. This lubricating fibre ... 8. Mannan (type of fibre) (Directory/Root) A type of highly viscous fibre that tends to become rather slimy or mucilaginous when it absorbs water. As a result, mannans are very soothing to irritated intestines and they very gently promote peristalsis ... 9. Resistant starch (type of fibre) (Directory/Root) An ambiguously defined class of fibres. It includes the starches and byproducts of starch digestion that are not absorbed in the small intestine. Therefore, whatever constitutes a resistant ... 10. Enterolactone: (phytoestrogen; mammalian lignan) (Directory/Root) A type of phytoestrogen produced from the fermentation of plant lignan by intestinal microbiota. It has anti-tumor effects, especially in estrogen sensitive tissues. See also Enterodiol, Lignan. ... 11. Enterodiol (phytoestrogen; mammalian lignan) (Directory/Root) A type of phytoestrogen produced from the fermentation of plant lignan by intestinal microbiota. It has anti-tumor effects, especially in estrogen sensitive tissues. See also Enterolactone, Lignan. ... 12. Peptide YY (PYY; metabolic hormone) (Directory/Root) Also known as pancreatic peptide YY, peptide tyrosine tyrosine. A peptide hormone produced by the L cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the distal small intestine (i.e., ileum) and colon. ... 13. Ghrelin (metabolic hormone) (Directory/Root) A peptide hormone that is synthesized primarily by the stomach (P/D1 cells) and pancreas (epsilon cells). It has various functions, and is involved in appetite regulation, gastric motility, fat deposition ... 14. Mucosal cell (type of cell) (Directory/Root) An endodermal epithelial cell that constitutes the mucous membrane of various soft tissue structures and organs in the body. Mucous membranes are intrinsically moist, and they function as ... 15. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori; gastrointestinal bacteria): (Directory/Root) A gram-negative bacteria that’s naturally present in the human stomach and small intestine. It’s implicated in the aetiology of some inflammatory disorders such as gastric ulcers, gastritis, stomach ... 16. Indole-3-Carbinol (I3C) (Directory/Root) ... activity, and supports cardiovascular health by protecting arteries from developing atherosclerosis. ... 17. Homocysteine (Directory/Root) An amino acid produced in the body from the amino acid methionine, and converted (via enzymes that require folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 cofactors) into the amino acid cysteine. Elevated homocysteine ... 18. Neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) (Directory/Root) A substance that facilitates communication between nerve cells. They are active mostly, but not exclusively, in the nervous system. The most abundant neurotransmitters in the human body ... 19. Cell Receptor (Directory/Root) A protein that is embedded within the outer membrane of a cell or within the inner matrix (the cytoplasm) of a cell. Substances such as hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs, and toxins bind ... 20. Cofactor (Directory/Root) A substance that is not itself a protein but that binds to a protein and is necessary for protein function. A cofactor may be a vitamin, mineral, hormone, or another compound. Cofactors ...
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